ANSWER
Pharmacology
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Pharmacology
Asthma is a disease of the airways, the structure through which air enters as it leaves the mouth and nose to the lungs. It constricts blood vessel muscles and causes blood vessels to swell and ache in blood vessels, making mucus sticky (Sockrider & Fussner, 2020). These changes can narrow the airways, making breathing difficult and causing coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
Fast-acting drugs that work to relieve symptoms briefly are short-acting beta2-Agonist which are usually in the form of inhalers or nebulizers for children (Stanbrook, 2022). It quickly opens narrow airways and helps relieve chest pain, wheezing, and shortness of breath. It can also prevent exercise-induced asthma. The most common fast-acting drug is albuterol. The child only takes medicine when they need it to avoid drug abuse. It is for all symptoms of asthma, including wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing, not for asthma. Children may be given corticosteroids by mouth or injection for severe asthma to reduce airway inflammation and recovery.
For persistent asthma, low-dose inhaled corticosteroids are recommended. Reassessment of asthma control is important when using this approach. As the symptoms appear, the vaccine must be treated regularly. Other treatments, such as Antileukotrienes, can be considered an option for asthma. However, they are unlikely to work better than corticosteroids. Medical independence and patient education should also be part of the patient’s strategy for disease management.
Menstruation, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and previous pregnancies are issues to consider before picking up any other type of pill. Birth control pills prescribed are contraceptives that combine estrogen and progesterone. The primary function of progesterone is to prevent the passage of sperm through the cervix and the genital region of the cervix keeping the cervix intact. Estrogen inhibits follicle growth due to its negative effect on the anterior pituitary, which slows FSH secretion (Mu, E & Kulkarni, 2022).
One drug that can help acne is Accutane, with a generic name Isotretinoin. Isotretinoin involves an oral administration of a drug dosage of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg per day, and Isotretinoin provides functional blackhead treatment. Isotretinoin inhibits sebaceous glands and the keratinization of pharmacological agents (Greywal, T & Marsch, 2020). The drug is recommended as it declines sebaceous glands’ size and sebum creation.
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs commonly used to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Osteoporosis weakens the bones, making them more prone to fractures. Bisphosphonates can help prevent bone loss and reduce the risk of osteoporosis by slowing the rate of bone loss. Bones are formed and broken down sequentially. Bisphosphonates enhances bone hardness by reducing a breakdown procedure which is often deployed in nursing osteoporosis to both male and females. The drugs get embedded in bones for some period to around seven years, after which the treatment becomes ineffective. Common preventive measures for osteoporosis are regular exercise and eating food rich in calcium and vitamin D (Li et al., 2021).
The treatment of Acute Gout involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. Gout medications aim to relieve pain and heal joints as quickly as possible. Overall, anti-inflammatory treatment must begin immediately. In a span of a day, the swelling starts. The initial treatment is NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and colchicine. The drugs reduce signs within a day. Non-pharmacology involves health awareness, a balanced diet, and coordination.
References
Greywal, T., & Marsch, A. (2020). Comment on “YouTube as a source of dermatologic information on isotretinoin”. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 83(2), e129.
Li, S., Xi, C., Li, L., Long, Z., Zhang, N., Yin, H., … & Wang, M. (2021). Comparisons of different vitamin D supplementation for prevention of osteoporotic fractures: a Bayesian network meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 72(4), 518-528.
Mu, E., & Kulkarni, J. (2022). Hormonal contraception and mood disorders. Australian Prescriber, 45(3), 75.
Sockrider, M., & Fussner, L. (2020). What is asthma?. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 202(9), P25-P26.
Stanbrook, M. B. (2022). In Black and Latinx patients, as-needed inhaled glucocorticoids reduced asthma exacerbations at 15 mo. Annals of Internal Medicine, 175(6), JC68.
QUESTION
Provide your responses and rationales. Support your rationales with high-level evidence.Not more than 5 years old (See Post Expectations)
A 12-year-old boy has occasional episodes of mild asthma while playing soccer with his friends.
- Q1. What treatment should this patient receive to relieve symptoms during an asthma attack?
- Q2. If the patient’s asthma attacks occur more frequently, what changes in therapy might be appropriate?
A 19-year-old college student is asking for contraceptives.
- Q3. What will you assess to determine if this patient is a good candidate for contraceptives, and what will you prescribe? (Include brand and generic name, route, frequency, and dose). What is the mechanism of action of the contraceptive you prescribed and the adverse effects?
- Q4. The patient states she heard a pill can help her acne. What would you prescribe and what is your rationale? (Include brand and generic name, dose, route, and frequency).
- Q5. The patient is concerned because her mother and sister developed fractures in their legs and vertebra after menopause. She wants to know what medication and other advice will prevent osteoporosis. You discuss bisphosphonates. How are they used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis?
A 48-year-old man has occasional episodes of gout that are painful and debilitating. He requires drugs to treat the symptoms of acute gout attacks and prevent recurrent attacks.
- Q6. How would you treat this patient’s acute gout attack? Please list the trade and generic name and the dose of therapy. What is the mechanism of action of your choice of prescription?
Expectations
–Please answer all questions asked
—Paper should be plagiarism free
—References should have DOIs or web adrress
—-And should be in APA format 7th edition