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Pender’s Model for Promoting Health in Community Nursing Practice
Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) Overview
The Health Promotion Model (HPM), created by Nola J. Pender, emphasizes actions that advance health and wellbeing as opposed to illness prevention. It highlights the unique traits, habits, and life experiences that shape decisions pertaining to health. This theory offers a framework for evaluating the elements that support or impede population-level health-promoting activities in community nursing.
The HPM is predicated on the notion that when people see advantages, believe they can take action, and come across supportive surroundings, they are more likely to engage in behaviors that improve their health.
Important Elements of Pender’s HPM
Personal Qualities and Experiences:
Health-promoting behaviors are influenced by personal characteristics (e.g., age, socioeconomic level) and past behavior.
Behavior-Specific Thoughts and Emotions:
Perceived Benefits of Action: The conviction that one’s actions will have favorable effects.
Perceived Barriers: Recognizing and getting over barriers to healthy habits.
Perceived Self-Efficacy: Self-assurance in one’s capacity to carry out an action effectively.
Emotional reactions to healthy practices are known as activity-related affects.
Social norms, support, and the availability of resources that promote health are examples of interpersonal and situational influences.
Behavioral Outcomes: A dedication to actions and consequent behaviors that promote health.
Use in the Practice of Community Nursing
Pender’s HPM offers a methodical way to create interventions that are suited to the requirements of particular groups. The approach helps nurses in community settings understand why people or groups might or might not adopt habits that promote health.
Programs for Health Promotion: Community nurses use the HPM to create initiatives that tackle problems including diabetes prevention, obesity, and quitting smoking. For instance:
Nurses evaluate participants’ self-efficacy in keeping a healthy diet or exercising, as well as perceived obstacles (such as a lack of time or money) in a weight management program. After that, they offer motivational therapy, education, and resource access.
Culturally Tailored therapies: Nurses can develop culturally relevant therapies by looking at traits at the individual and community levels. For instance, nurses may concentrate on perceived advantages and obstacles when addressing vaccine reluctance in a particular ethnic group, offering culturally appropriate instruction to boost self-efficacy.
Community Assessments: The HPM is used by community health nurses to evaluate interpersonal impacts and activity-related effects. For instance, nurses identify community factors and family support networks that may impact success rates in smoking cessation programs, promoting the participation of community and family leaders.
The advantages of Pender’s HPM
Holistic Focus: It takes into account social, emotional, and physical aspects that influence health-related behaviors.
Focused on Prevention: promotes preventative health practices as opposed to treating illness reactively.
Adaptable Structure: It is extremely adaptable in community nursing and may be tailored to a variety of groups and health concerns.
Difficulties with Application
Intricacy in Varying Populations:
Interventions may need to be highly customized due to differences in socioeconomic circumstances and cultural attitudes.
Measurement Challenges:
It can be difficult and time-consuming to evaluate abstract ideas like interpersonal influences and self-efficacy.
Resource Barriers: People may encounter outside obstacles (such as lack of access to healthcare or financial limitations) even with customized solutions.
Diabetes Prevention as an Example in Practice
When creating a diabetes prevention program for a low-income community, a community nurse could use Pender’s HPM by:
Evaluating Individual Features: Recognizing past health practices and obstacles (such as restricted access to fresh food) among residents.
Focusing on Thoughts and Emotions:
boosting self-efficacy through group workouts and educational seminars.
removing obstacles by providing locals with reasonably priced, healthful eating options.
encouraging pleasant emotions by holding community-led celebrations of significant health achievements.
Promoting Behavioral Results: reaffirming sustained dedication with frequent follow-ups and support groups.
In conclusion
A thorough framework for comprehending and influencing behaviors that promote health in community settings is provided by Pender’s Health Promotion Model. Through addressing individual traits, behavior-specific beliefs, and community-level factors, nurses can create culturally appropriate, successful interventions that enable populations to attain improved health outcomes.
Citations
Murdaugh, C. L., Parsons, M. A., and Pender, N. J. (2019). Nursing practice and health promotion, 8th ed. Pearson.
Velsor-Friedrich, B., and Srof, B. J. (2020). Review of Pender’s Health Promotion Model for Adolescent Health Promotion. 33(2), 164-172, Nursing Science Quarterly. The article https://doi.org/10.1177/089431841878107
QUESTION Select one or more community nursing theories (e.g., Health Belief Model, Pender’s Health Promotion Model, etc.) to explore. Investigate how these theories guide nursing practice in community settings.