Musculoskeletal Exam Depending on the Patient’s Age
Infant of 2 Days
Questions about history: Are the legs and arms of the baby symmetrical? Is there any pain in the abdomen?
Relevant physical exam findings: Full hip abduction, equal gluteal folds, negative The sign of Barlow is normal (Tappero & Honeyfield, 2018).
Palpation manoeuvres, reflex tests, and congenital hip dysplasia assessment (Tappero & Honeyfield, 2018).
Normal findings include symmetrical feet and legs in size, movement, and shape. Extremities should have good capillary refill (Tappero & Honeyfield, 2018). All pulses (radial, pedal, femoral, brachial, and popliteal) are strong and equal (Tappero & Honeyfield, 2018).
Joints are hyperextensible, which is abnormal (Tappero & Honeyfield, 2018). The palmar simian crease indicates Down syndrome (Tappero & Honeyfield, 2018).
Twelve-Year-Old Child
Questions about history Are you aware of any problems with your muscles or skeleton? Is the issue symmetrical? Is this a local problem? Have you ever had musculoskeletal problems before? (2019, Chiocca)
Relevant physical exam findings: a fine precision pinch should be present because it is a necessary functional ability (Chiocca, 2019). Both knees should be flexible and extensible, with no signs of crepitus. The child’s grip and strength should be appropriate for his or her age (Chiocca, 2019).
The patient should be asked to walk a few steps, allowing the care provider to assess the patient’s ability to turn quickly and the gait for symmetry (Chiocca, 2019).
Normal findings: The patient’s spine is properly aligned, and the iliac crests are evenly levelled (Chiocca, 2019). Both knees and elbows are easily (painlessly) extended by the patient.
Foot abnormalities include an arch profile that is either too low or too high (Chiocca, 2019). There is a hallux valgus. In some patients, the toes may be retracted or clawed.
ORDER WITH US AND GET FULL ASSIGNMENT HELP FOR THIS QUESTION AND ANY OTHER ASSIGNMENTS (PLAGIARISM FREE)
Patient 35 Years Old
Questions about history: What do you do daily? Do you participate in sports or exercise? Do you have a family history of musculoskeletal disorders? Do you experience limb or spine pain?
Important physical exam findings: Elbow, wrist, finger, and arm movements are pain-free (Petty & Ryder, 2017). The movements of the spine are precise, smooth, and soundless. Flexion and extension movements are sufficient for the patient’s limbs, spine, and cervical spine (Petty & Ryder, 2017).
Manoeuvres to be performed: The patient should rotate their body in all directions so that the examiner can identify any areas of discomfort (Petty & Ryder, 2017). For the examiner to identify unusual swellings, joints and fingers should be palpated.
Normal findings: All limb flexion and extension are adequate and do not cause discomfort in the patient (Petty & Ryder, 2017). Tenderness does not appear on bony prominences (Petty & Ryder, 2017).
We will provide you with a custom paper tailored to your specifications. Get a 15% discount on your first order.
The patient fails the Trendelenburg test, which requires them to stand on one foot (Petty & Ryder, 2017). True leg length differences may indicate hip diseases (Petty & Ryder, 2017).
Patient 65 Years Old
Questions about history: What do you do daily? Do you work out several times a week? Do you have a family history of musculoskeletal disorders? Do you have any periodic limb or spine pains?
Relevant physical exam findings: Foot deformation should be assessed to determine the severity of hallux valgus (Avers & Wong, 2019).
Manoeuvres to perform: The patient should be asked to touch their toes while standing. Joint flexibility should be evaluated (Avers & Wong, 2019). The knee reflex should also be tested.
Normal findings include symmetrical limb length and no swellings in the arms, legs, or spine (Avers & Wong, 2019). The skin colour is consistent throughout the body, and there are no ulcers or rash symptoms.
Abnormal findings: The patient has excessive hallux valgus, which causes pain and discomfort (Avers & Wong, 2019). Because of their overall health, the patient’s joints are swollen, and they restrict their motion. The patient has arthritis and other similar conditions.