ANSWER
First question: define dermatitis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment approaches.
Dermatosis: A collection of inflammatory skin disorders marked by redness, swelling, and itching, dermatitis is referred to here. Among other things, it can show up as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, and nummular dermatitis.
Diagnostic Criteria:
A kind of dermatitis atopic
Course of chronic relapsing accompanied with pruritus.
Usually affects adults’ flexural surfaces and children’s extensor surfaces.
Personal or family history of atopy—that is, hay fever or asthma.
Involvement Dermatitis refers to:
Results from allergic reactions or irritating contact.
Patch testing can help to identify the causal agent.
presents with vesicular, scaly, or ergymatous lesions.
Dermatitis with Seborrhoeic Character:
Found in sebaceous gland-rich sites including the scalp, face, and upper trunk.
Features greasy scales and erythema.
Dermatitis of Nummular Nature:
Often on the limbs, they show as coin-shaped plaques with scaling and leaking.
Methodologies of Treatment:
Topical corticosteroids are first-line anti-inflammatories.
Maintaining skin moisture and barrier action requires emollients.
Calcineurin inhibitors: For long-term use (such as tacrolimus) or sensitive locations.
Antihistamines help to reduce itching.
Change your lifestyle; avoid allergies, irritants, and strong soaps.
Phototherapy for extreme, refractory conditions.
Second question: Describe the drug therapy for otitis media and conjunctivitis:
Confection of bacterial Conjunctivitis
Usually used are erythromycin ointment or trimethoprim-polymyxin B drops.
For severe instances or contact lens users, fluoroquinolone drops—such as ciprofloxacin—are prescribed.
Conjunctivitis Virally:
Supportive care with lubricating eye drops.
Strong forms of herpes simplex call for either topical or systemic antivirals (such as acyclovir).
Allergy Conjunctivitis:
Drops of an antihistamine or mast cell stabiliser, say olopatadine.
Cold compresses for relief of symptoms.
Media in Otitis:
Acute otitis media (AOM):
First line: 80–90 mg/kg/day amoxicillin.
Cefdinir, cefuroxime, or azithromycin—penicillin allergy.
Significant Cases: Intramuscular ceftriaxone or amoxicillin-clavulant.
Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion (OME):
Usually controlled by observation.
For persistent situations, one could try tympanostomy tubes.
Third question: Address treatment, patient presentation, and herpes virus infections.
The herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Presentation includes painful vesicular lesions, regional lymphadenopathy, and repeated breakouts brought on by immunosuppression or stress.
Approach: Treatment
Oral antivirals:famciclovir, valacyclovir, or accyclovir.
Topical antivirals for moderate conditions (penciclovir).
Variacella-Zoster Virus (VZV):
Presentation: either shingles (a painful dermatomal rash) or chickenpox (vesicular rash in next crops).
Treatment: Started within 72 hours of onset, acyclovir or valacyclovir.
Analgesics for neuralgia following herpetic excision.
EBV: Epstein-Barr Virus
Presentation: Pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, infectious mononucleosis with fever and tiredness.
Treatment: Supportive hydration and rest.
Fourth question: List the most often occurring primary bacterial skin infections and discuss the preferred treatment.
Mostly bacterial skin infections:
Imptigo:
Aetiology: Either Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus.
Presentation: Often on the face or extremities, honey-colored crusts.
Treatment: For localised problems, topical mupirocin.
For significant involvement, oral antibiotics (such as cephalexin)
Cellularitis:
Most usually brought on by S. aureus or Streptococcus species is aetiology.
Erythema, swelling, warmth, and tenderness of the afflicted region present themselves.
Mild instances call for oral antibiotics (e.g., cephalexin or amoxicillin-clavulanate).
For severe cases, intravenous antibiotics—such as ceftriaxone—have great effect.
Folliculitis is
Aetiology: S. aureus or pseudomonas infections in hair follicles.
Presentation: Pustules around hair follicles.
Treatment is topical clindamycin or mupirocin.
For general instances, oral antibiotics.
Eriksipelas:
Aetiology: Streptococcus pyogenes caused this.
Usually on the face or legs, sharply defined, elevated erythematous lesions were presented.
Penicillin or amoxicillin is the therapy.
Citations
Ferri, F. F. 2023. Ferri’s 2023 Clinical Advisor: Five Books in One. Other Views: Elsevier
Jameson, J. L.; Fauci, A. S.; Kasper, D. L.; Hauser, S. L.; Longo, D. L.; Loscalzo, J.; Harrison’s Internal Medicine Principles (21st ed.). McGraw- Hill.
QUESTION
- Describe dermatitis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities
- Describe the drug therapy for Conjunctivitis and Otitis Media
- Discuss Herpes Virus infections, patient presentation, and treatment
- Describe the most common primary bacterial skin infections and the treatment of choice.
Submission Instructions:
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