Evidence Based Practice: Evaluation of Intervention Applied in Management of Childhood Obesity Among African Americans
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Evidence-Based Practice: Evaluation of Intervention Applied in Management of Childhood Obesity Among African Americans
Childhood obesity is among the leading causes of mortality and comorbidities among African American children. This condition’s major cause is majorly behavior or individual genetics, with a high chance of retaining the weight all through adulthood. However, scientific Research has come up with different strategies to manage this condition (Zanganeh et al., 2018). This paper aims at conducting a formative and outcome evaluation of three key interventions (calorie labeling on menus, early care, and education and bariatric surgery) in the management of childhood obesity among African American children in the community. It will further discuss the rationale for the applied methodology, demonstrate the attributes that display the project’s success, and determine outcomes. The paper will finalize by discussing key strategies to undertake in case of a negative outcome and its implications for practice and future Research.
The Rationale for The Methods used in Data Collection
The project majorly targets children. As such, it is necessary to include their parents as assistants as well as participants. Similarly, since the project’s success is determined by the consistent reduction in the participants’ weight, the duration should not be less than six months. This allows for rapid progress and evaluation without the participants dropping out or becoming exhausted early in the project (Dobashi, 2016). Two portions of the project involve behavioral modification, which is important by reducing invasiveness and adverse events. Since data is to be collected pre and post-intervention, with more than 50 participants/families involved, quantitative and qualitative techniques will be used. The data collection methods include interviews, focus groups, and observational techniques. These techniques will help collect qualitative data concerning the community feeding habits and the interventions each individual has tried to apply with the observed drawbacks. The project will also use document reviews to retrieve hospitals’ data regarding the prevalence of obesity and the interventions used, and data from the vast libraries in the locality. This helps reduce the time and expense in conducting some physical work associated with the project (Brown et al., 2019). The project will utilize more virtual data collection techniques due to the restrictions on the spread of Covid-19.
Ways in Which Outcome Measures Demonstrate a Likelihood of Achievement of Desired Objectives
The continued participation of selected individuals is an indicator of the likelihood of the success of the project. This is a demonstration of interest of the people to reduce their BMI and finally manage their weight. Similarly, the reduction of the recorded BMI from participants will indicate that the participants are getting good results from the interventions’ utilization. Feedback is critical in determining the effectiveness of the interventions. If the participants give positive feedback concerning their weight, it will be signs of the likelihood of success of the project (Styne et al., 2017).
Techniques Applied to Measure and Evaluate the Outcomes Based On The Evidence
The project will use four analytical tools in the evaluation of outcomes. The first is behavioral change. This includes the parents and caregivers and children’s focus in analyzing the calorific value of meals before intake, change of preferred meals, i.e., preference of more healthy diets than junk foods, and increased frequency of physical exercise. This data will be collected through observation, interviews, surveys, and questionnaires from the participant’s homes and schools. The other measurable technique includes collecting BMI, waist circumference, bioimpedance, and near infra-red interactants values from the participants. BMI is more dependent on height and only works well with adults, especially those with chronic degenerative ailments. However, the technique is cheaper and can give better results when used with reference standards like the WHO, CDC, and the International Obesity Task Force references. Waist Circumference measure is independent of height and is more superior to BMI and a better predictor of chronic degenerative diseases. Bioimpedance is a little expensive, and some studies indicate that it is less reliable than BMI but effective for a small sample size. Near infra-red interactants are easy to use but have drawbacks of underestimating medians and prediction errors (Styne et al., 2017). The preliminary techniques used will be BMI and waist circumference.
The continues collection of this data and subjection of the information to analysis will demonstrate positive change. Another technique that can be employed is by sending open-ended questionnaires to participants quarterly to test their education level concerning the management of obesity. It is also worth mentioning that the evaluation of meals fed to children in school is a viable technique that will be employed. This is so because children spend a lot of their time in schools and play a vital role in educating children on healthy living (Brown et al., 2019; Fruh, 2017).
Evaluation of Intervention Applied in Management of Childhood Obesity Among African Americans
Strategies to be Considered in Case Of Failure Of Interventions to Produce Results
If the interventions fail to work out, the project will apply more Research on evidence to establish other interventions. This includes strategies like the keto diet, enrollment into physical exercise programs, and widespread use of bariatric surgery (Brown et al., 2019). This will majorly depend on the outcome of the results as well as the feedback from participants. Similarly, the project can also be run again if the funds are available but with excess scrutiny and adjustments of interventions to suit participants’ needs with the inclusion of a multidisciplinary approach from healthcare practitioners and experts.
Implications for Practice and Future Research
The project’s success will help in the quality improvement process in the healthcare facility and improve residents’ health. This will be by prevention of comorbidities and enhanced productivity of the children and their parents. The care providers will have essential knowledge of managing obesity, and the community will develop a culture that is focused on good dietary habits. The project’s success will also demonstrate the applicability of the interventions, thus allowing the incorporation into the healthcare system and call for further induction of other interventions that will bring better results.
References
Brown, C. L., Pratt, K., Martin, S., Hulshult, H., & Skelton, J. A. (2019). Weight Control Practices in Children of Parents Participating in Weight Management Programs. Childhood obesity (Print), 15(7), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2019.0089
Brown, T., Moore, T. H., Hooper, L., Gao, Y., Zayegh, A., Ijaz, S., Elwenspoek, M., Foxen, S. C., Magee, L., O’Malley, C., Waters, E., & Summerbell, C. D. (2019). Interventions for preventing obesity in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 7(7), CD001871. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001871.pub4
Dobashi K. (2016). Evaluation of Obesity in School-Age Children. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 23(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.29397
Fruh S. M. (2017). Obesity: Risk factors, complications, and strategies for sustainable long-term weight management. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(S1), S3–S14. https://doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12510
Styne, D. M., Arslanian, S. A., Connor, E. L., Farooqi, I. S., Murad, M. H., Silverstein, J. H., & Yanovski, J. A. (2017). Pediatric Obesity-Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 102(3), 709–757. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2573
Zanganeh, M., Adab, P., Li, B., & Frew, E. (2018). Protocol for a systematic review of methods and cost-effectiveness findings of economic evaluations of obesity prevention and/or treatment interventions in children and adolescents. Systematic reviews, 7(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-018-0718-5
Question
In 500-750 words, develop an evaluation plan to be included in your final evidence-based practice project. Provide the following criteria in the evaluation, making sure it is comprehensive and concise:
1. Describe the rationale for the methods used in collecting the outcome data.
2. Describe the ways in which the outcome measures evaluate the extent to which the project objectives are achieved.
3. Describe how the outcomes will be measured and evaluated based on the evidence. Address validity, reliability, and applicability.
4. Describe strategies to take if outcomes do not provide positive results.
5. Describe implications for practice and future research.
You are required to cite three to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Evaluation of Intervention Applied in Management of Childhood Obesity Among African Americans