Discussion: Diabetes
ANSWER
Diabetes is a chronic disorder that affects millions of people around the world. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels caused by abnormalities in the body’s ability to produce or use insulin. Diabetes mellitus is a form of diabetes that occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or does not respond properly to its insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels. In diabetes insipidus, the kidneys cannot retain water and release large amounts of urine. This condition is caused by problems with hormones produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which regulate the amount of water in the body.
The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus includes alterations in hormonal regulation, which result in different symptoms for each type. In diabetes mellitus, there is decreased production or utilization of insulin which leads to increased concentrations of glucose in the blood. In contrast, diabetes insipidus results from decreased production or utilization of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to an inability to concentrate or retain water and excessive urination. Both types of diabetes can lead to significant health complications, including kidney disease, heart failure, blindness, neuropathy, and stroke, if left untreated.
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Regarding diagnosis and treatment prescription for both types of diabetes, nurses must first understand their differences and similarities before taking action. For example, a key symptom that differentiates between these two types is urinary changes; with diabetes mellitus, this symptom may be absent while it’s an important clinical sign for diagnosing diabetes insipidus. In terms of treatment prescription, patient adherence also plays an important role. For example, insulin injections are necessary for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus, while oral medications such as desmopressin may be used to treat type 2 diabetes insipidus.
Finally, it’s also important for nurses to keep an eye on other risk factors associated with either type, like age, family history or ethnicity, which can influence how patients respond to certain treatments; doing so can improve patient outcomes and prevent long-term complications such as heart disease or stroke due to both forms of diabetes. Ultimately understanding the pathophysiology associated with both types can help nurses better diagnose and manage this chronic disorder among their patients so they can make informed decisions regarding patient care and management plans that address individual needs appropriately.
QUESTION
According to the American Diabetes Association (2011), 25.8 million children and adults have been diagnosed with diabetes in the United States. Approximately 2 million more are diagnosed every year, with another 79 million people considered to be in a pre-diabetes state. These millions of people are at risk of several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. Since diabetes has a major impact on the health of millions of people around the world, it is essential for nurses to understand the pathophysiology and associated alterations of this disorder. In this Discussion, you compare two types of diabetes—diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.
To Prepare
Review Chapter 19 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 18 in the Hammer and McPhee text. Identify the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Consider the similarities and differences between resulting alterations of hormonal regulation.
Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for these two types of diabetes.
Post an explanation of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Describe the differences and similarities between resulting alterations of hormonal regulation. Then explain how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for these two types of diabetes.
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