ANSWER
Presentation on Mental Health: Depression
I. Definition of Depression
Depression, also known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is a prevalent mental health condition defined by enduring feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a diminished interest or pleasure in everyday activities. It substantially affects an individual’s capacity to function in social, occupational, and emotional domains.
II. Diagnostic Criteria (5 points)
According to the DSM-5, a diagnosis of depression requires the presence of at least five symptoms for a duration of two weeks or longer, with at least one symptom being either a depressed mood or anhedonia (loss of interest).
Persistent depressed mood throughout the day.
Significantly reduced interest or enjoyment in the majority of activities.
Notable alterations in weight or appetite disruption.
Insomnia refers to a condition characterized by difficulty in falling or staying asleep, leading to impaired daytime functioning.
Psychomotor agitation or retardation refers to observable motor activity that is either excessively increased or decreased.
Fatigue or diminished energy levels.
Experiences of worthlessness or disproportionate guilt.
Reduced capacity for cognitive processing or focus.
Persistent thoughts regarding mortality or suicidal ideation.
III. Risk Factors and Cultural Considerations
Factors Influencing Risk:
Biological factors include genetic predisposition and imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine.
Psychological factors include a history of trauma and chronic stress.
Social factors include insufficient social support, economic hardship, and social isolation.
Cultural Factors:
The stigma associated with mental health differs among cultures.
The manifestation of depression can vary, with somatic symptoms such as pain being more prevalent in certain cultures.
IV. Clinical Manifestations (10 points)
Chronic sadness or diminished mood.
A decline in engagement with previously pleasurable activities.
Cognitive impairments include deficits in concentration.
Physical symptoms include fatigue, sleep disturbances, and changes in appetite.
Behavioral alterations: Social disengagement or diminished productivity.
Thoughts of suicide or self-injury.
V. Management (20 points)
Pharmacological considerations (10 points)
SSRIs, such as Fluoxetine, elevate serotonin levels in the brain through the inhibition of its reuptake. Rationale: Preferred initial treatment based on effectiveness and tolerability.
SNRIs, such as Venlafaxine, function by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. The intervention is effective for patients with co-occurring anxiety disorders.
Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Rationale: This treatment is effective but is typically employed when other medications are ineffective due to adverse effects.
Atypical antidepressants, such as bupropion, modulate dopamine and norepinephrine levels. Rationale: An alternative for individuals who are intolerant to SSRIs or SNRIs.
MAOIs, such as Phenelzine, function by inhibiting monoamine oxidase, which results in elevated levels of neurotransmitters. Rationale: Utilized in refractory cases.
b) Adverse Effects Associated with Each Medication (4 points)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can lead to adverse effects such as nausea, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction.
SNRIs are associated with hypertension, dizziness, and dry mouth.
Tricyclic antidepressants are associated with drowsiness, weight gain, and potential cardiotoxic effects.
Atypicals are associated with an elevated risk of seizures and dry mouth.
MAOIs can lead to hypertensive crises when consumed with tyramine-rich foods.
c) Patient Education (4 points)
Adherence is essential for achieving therapeutic efficacy.
Immediately report any deterioration in mood or suicidal ideation.
Examine possible adverse effects and their management strategies.
Refrain from interactions between alcohol and drugs, such as MAOIs and tyramine.
d) Interprofessional Collaboration (2 points)
Psychiatrist: Management of medication.
Psychologist: Therapeutic and behavioral interventions.
Social Worker: Availability of resources and social support.
VI. Non-Pharmacological Management (25 points)
Nursing Diagnoses (6 points)
Suicide Risk: Elevated priority due to possible lethality.
Imbalanced Nutrition: Insufficient Nutritional Intake Relative to Body Needs.
Suboptimal Coping Mechanisms.
b) SMART Objective (5 points)
The patient will articulate a decrease in suicidal ideation and formulate a safety plan within 48 hours of intervention.
Nursing Interventions and Rationales
Create a secure setting: Eliminate potentially harmful items to mitigate suicide risk.
Establish a safety contract: This ensures the patient commits to seeking assistance during crises.
Promote the articulation of emotions. Enhances emotional processing and provides support.
Assess dietary consumption. Address nutritional imbalances and facilitate recovery.
Deliver psychoeducation regarding coping strategies: Improves the patient’s capacity to handle stressors.
VII. Key Priorities and Strategies (6 points)
Suicidal ideation necessitates prompt safety planning and ongoing monitoring.
Social isolation can be mitigated by promoting engagement in group therapy sessions.
Impaired functioning necessitates the implementation of a systematic approach to goal setting aimed at reconstructing daily routines.
VIII. Summary
Depression is a complex disorder that necessitates a thorough approach, incorporating both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Nurses are essential in ensuring safety, promoting recovery, and providing holistic care that is tailored to the individual needs of patients.
IX. Structure and APA Guidelines References (10 points)
References: Varcarolis, E.M. (2022). *FoundFoundations of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: A Clinical Approach (9th edition). Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-0-323-69707-1.
QUESTION
1. Depression
WRITE UNDER THE INSTRUCTIONS BELOW
Grading rubric for Mental Health Presentation100points
I. Brief definition of Disorder. (5pts)
II. Describe diagnostic criteria for this disorder. (5pts)
III. Describe Risk Factors and Cultural Considerations. (5pts)
IV. Explain Clinical manifestations of the Disorder. (10pts)
V. Management (20pts)
a) Pharmacological (at least 5 drugs, action and rationale for use) (10pts)
b) Side effects of each drug. (4pts)
c) Patient teaching regarding drugs. (include rationale) (4Pts)
d) Which members of the interprofessional team should you collaborate with (2Pts)
VI. Non-Pharmacological. (25pts)
a) Nursing Diagnosis (list 3 in order of priority) 3Nursing dx =6pts, in order of priority=(4pts)
b) Using one of the nursing diagnosis, describe a smart goal. (5 pts)
c.) Describe at least 5 nursing Interventions and rationales for each (10pts)
VII. Identify 3 top priority concerns for a patient with this disorder and measure to address concerns. (6pts)
VIII. SUMMARIZE .
Students must demonstrate knowledge of disorders and be prepared to describe concept in the video recording. Reading directly from a script will result in lost points. It is ok to have an outline to keep track of presentation content, but not to read directly from it.
IX. Structure, organization of paper and presentation style (10pts).
Presentation must have a structure and flow smoothly. Use APA format with in-text citation and a reference page. (include VARCAROLIS’ FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHIATRIC-MENTAL
HEALTH NURSING: A CLINICAL APPROACH, EDITION 9 ISBN: 978-0-323-69707-1
Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. in your reference.)