ANSWER
Principles of Epidemiology
Epidemiologic ideas are the basis for what public health officials do to keep track of diseases and look into them.
Epidemiology is the study of how and why health-related states or events happen in certain populations. It also looks at how this information can be used to prevent and treat health problems.
Every person who works in public health should understand the basic ideas in this definition and how they can be used.
Epidemiology is concerned with the occurrence and pattern of health events in a population. The frequency of events in a population comprises not only the number of incidents but also the rate or risk of sickness in the population. To compare populations in a reliable way, you need to know how often illnesses happen (the number of cases divided by the size of the population).
Determinants:
Epidemiology is also used to look for causes and other factors that influence the occurrence of medical events. The occurrence of a health-related incident is frequently linked to a number of characteristics that must be taken into account. The host’s susceptibility to disease and the chance of being exposed to a bacterium, an environmental toxin, an insect vector, or another diseased person who may pose a risk of disease transmission are some of the things that can make a difference.
Epidemiologists are interested in the collective health of people in a community or other location, as well as the impact of health events on that population.
Epidemiology provides data that can be used to direct public health action. An epidemiologist “diagnoses” the health of a community using scientific methods of descriptive and analytic epidemiology but must also draw on experience and creativity when planning how to manage and prevent disease in the community.
Disease surveillance usually starts with descriptive epidemiology, which describes what, who, when, and where health-related events are happening.
Define the occurrences and/or determinants of the illness.
Who: Descriptions of demographic features can assist in determining which groups are at risk for a particular outcome. Age, gender, and race/ethnicity are common demographic traits. Other categories include socioeconomic status, occupational history, and smoking habits, all of which provide useful information regarding potential risk exposures. A family history of underlying disorders can help determine susceptibility to specific conditions.
when- Tracking changes in disease rates through time, long-term illness trends, and understanding the seasonality of specific diseases can assist in uncovering uncommon occurrences that may constitute epidemics. When you look at how long it takes for someone to get sick after being exposed to something, you can learn about the incubation period and the kinds of things that could make other people sick.
-Understanding the geographic scope of health-related events provides insight on where the agent that causes a disease generally lives and multiplies, what may carry or transmit it, and how it spreads.
Epidemiology’s Primary Applications in Public Health
Public health professionals must analyze the health of the people they serve in order to formulate policies and design programs. They must also determine whether health services are available, accessible, effective, and efficient. Epidemiology provides data that can be used to direct public health action. The data is utilized to plan disease control and prevention in the community. A public health monitoring programme collects, analyses, interprets, and disseminates health data on an ongoing basis. A health agency can investigate, prevent, and control disease in a community more effectively and efficiently if it knows how the disease is spread and how likely it is to spread.
Applications in Epidemiology
Count health-related occurrences.
Describe the population’s distribution of health-related occurrences.
Describe clinical patterns
To determine the risk factors for illness development.
Determine disease causes or factors.
Determine control and/or prevention methods.
Establish priorities for resource allocation.
Choose preventive and control interventions.
Program evaluation
Carry out research
causes and risk factors.
vaccination trials or drug trials
Operational investigation
The Goals of Communicable Disease Research and the General Principles of Transmission Prevention
Introduction
These recommendations were created to help public health workers who are studying communicable diseases. Their goal is to deliver basic, practical, up-to-date, and simple information compiled and interpreted from a range of sources. These rules have been written in as much detail as possible to find a good balance between how much work it takes to follow up on a reported case and how likely it is that the disease won’t spread.
These guidelines cover only a subset of disorders. This is determined by their frequency and intricacy. The Control of Communicable Disorders in Man is a good resource for more information on this and other diseases.
Keep in mind that these are simply guidelines. Every scenario is unique, and the best judgement should be used. In other cases, a more stringent approach is required. Some situations necessitate a less strict approach.
The Goals of Communicable Disease Research
Going through the motions of a task without knowing its purpose is the antithesis of self-fulfillment. When examining a report of a communicable disease, keep in mind the following goals:
Preventing Case-to-Contact Transmission This topic is discussed in depth farther down.
Determine the Cause of the Disease: The cause of the disease could be in the environment, food, or another person. Its detection may lead to control.
Identifying Additional Cases: Each reported case should be considered a sentinel health event. Attempts to discover undiagnosed and/or unreported cases may reveal epidemics and common origins. It is critical to inquire about other people who have been exposed or who have similar symptoms to the reported case.
Surveillance: Information gathered when investigating a reported ailment can be reviewed on a state or regional level to identify outbreaks or patterns and to help policymakers design policies. This information is usually collected on standard forms and sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for national surveillance.
Ensure Adequate Medical Supervision: One of our obligations is to ensure that the patient is well cared for and understands the repercussions of his sickness. In cases where medical care is insufficient, appropriate referrals should be made.
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QUESTION
Apply the principles of epidemiology to community health nursing.
NRS 428 Topic 2: Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases
Topic 2: Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases Objectives:
Apply the principles of epidemiology to community health nursing.
Explain the value of demographic data in community health.
Apply the epidemiology triangle to a communicable disease occurring at a global level.
Evaluate the communicable disease chain model.
Discuss the impact of global health issues on public health systems.
Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease.
Topic 2 DQ 1- Topic 2: Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases
What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.
Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
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Topic 2 DQ 2- Topic 2: Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases
Select a global health issue affecting the international health community. Briefly describe the global health issue and its impact on the larger public health care systems (i.e., continents, regions, countries, states, and health departments). Discuss how health care delivery systems work collaboratively to address global health concerns and some of the stakeholders that work on these issues.
Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
Epidemiology Paper- Topic 2: Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases
Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment.
Communicable Disease Selection
Chickenpox
Tuberculosis
Influenza
Mononucleosis
Hepatitis B
HIV
Ebola
Measles
Polio
Influenza
Epidemiology Paper Requirements
Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.
Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.
Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population?
Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community.
Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.
Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.
A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.